1、交流发电机的工作原理
1. Working principle of alternator
交流发电机由电枢线圈(定子)和励磁线圈(转子)二部分组成，如果在励磁线圈中间通过直流电，就会产生一个电磁场，如果励磁线圈不断转动，这个电磁场就形成了一个旋转磁场，根据电磁感应定律，导体和磁场发生相互切割，就会产生感应电动势，因此发电机中的旋转磁场和电枢线圈相互切割，在发电机的电枢线圈就会有感应电动势产生。
The alternator is composed of armature coil (stator) and excitation coil (rotor). If DC current passes through the middle of the excitation coil, an electromagnetic field will be generated. If the excitation coil rotates continuously, the electromagnetic field will form a rotating magnetic field. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the conductor and magnetic field will cut each other, and the induced electromotive force will be generated. Therefore, the rotating magnetic field and armature coil in the generator are cut each other, There will be induced electromotive force in the armature coil of the generator.
可见，感应电动势的大小和磁通成正比，和发电机的转速成正比。一般都是通过调节发电机的励磁电流，改变磁通大小，就可以调节发电机的感应电动势，从而调节发电机的输出电压。发电机的A．V．R装置就是通过自动调节励磁电流来稳定发电机的输出电压。
It can be seen that the size of the induced electromotive force is proportional to the magnetic flux and the speed of the generator. Generally, the induced electromotive force of the generator can be adjusted by adjusting the excitation current of the generator and changing the magnetic flux, so as to adjust the output voltage of the generator. The A.V.R device of the generator stabilizes the output voltage of the generator by automatically adjusting the excitation current.
发电机的输出电压U=E-IX 发电机的输出频率 f=n/60×p
Output voltage of generator U=E-IX Output frequency of generator f=n/60 × p
2、交流无刷发电机
2. AC brushless generator

现在国外的发电机技术都是生产交流无刷发电机。顾名思义，“无刷”就是这种发电机没有炭刷和滑环。无刷发电机的结构不同于其它各种有刷的交流同步发电机。它是由主发电机、励磁发电机及旋转整流器组成。主发电机的励磁由励磁发电机产生的交流，经过旋转整流器进行三相桥式整流后变成直流，直接输入主发电机的励磁绕组(转子绕组)。使主发电机能够发电。
At present, foreign generator technology is to produce AC brushless generator. As the name implies, "brushless" means that the generator has no carbon brush and slip ring. The structure of brushless generator is different from other kinds of brushless AC synchronous generators. It is composed of main generator, excitation generator and rotating rectifier. The excitation of the main generator is converted from the AC generated by the excitation generator to DC after three-phase bridge rectification by the rotating rectifier, and then directly input into the excitation winding (rotor winding) of the main generator. Enable the main generator to generate electricity.
励磁发电机与一般的交流发电机结构有所不同，其定子为励磁绕组，转子为电枢绕组，因而可以将励磁发电机的电枢绕组、旋转整流器及主发电机的励磁绕组(转子绕组)三者共同安装在一个公共轴上，这样就可以改变了传统的励磁电流由炭刷和滑环紧密接触输入转子绕组的励磁方式。进一步提高了发电机运行的可靠性，获得了比较好的电气性能。
The structure of the excitation generator is different from that of the general alternator. Its stator is the excitation winding and the rotor is the armature winding. Therefore, the armature winding of the excitation generator, the rotating rectifier and the excitation winding (rotor winding) of the main generator can be installed on a common axis together, which can change the traditional excitation method that the excitation current is input into the rotor winding through close contact between the carbon brush and the slip ring. The reliability of generator operation is further improved and good electrical performance is obtained.
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