生物质气化发电是一种利用农林业废弃物、有机垃圾等低热值生物质，通过热化学转化生成燃气并驱动发电机组的技术，属于可再生能源应用领域。该技术既能解决生物质难于燃用且分布分散的缺点，又可以更好地发挥燃气发电技术设备紧凑而污染少的优点，是生物质能非常有效非常洁净的利用方法之一。以废料稻壳、秸秆、木粉、木屑等为原料，经气体发生炉燃烧气化，产生可燃的动力燃料，驱动发动机工作。这种以农林废弃物代替化石能源的开发，既有较好的综合经济效益，又可消除大量废弃物对环境的污染。

Biomass gasification power generation is a technology that utilizes low calorific value biomass such as agricultural and forestry waste and organic waste to generate gas through thermochemical conversion and drive power generation units. It belongs to the field of renewable energy applications. This technology can not only solve the disadvantages of difficult combustion and dispersed distribution of biomass, but also fully utilize the advantages of compact and less polluting gas power generation equipment, making it one of the most effective and clean utilization methods of biomass energy. Using waste rice husks, straw, wood powder, sawdust, etc. as raw materials, they are burned and gasified in a gas generator to produce combustible power fuel, which drives the engine to work. The development of replacing fossil fuels with agricultural and forestry waste not only has good comprehensive economic benefits, but also can eliminate a large amount of waste pollution to the environment.

生物质气化发电的核心系统由气化炉、燃气净化装置和发电机组构成。气化过程包含干燥、热解、氧化和还原四个阶段，产出含一氧化碳、氢气等成分的可燃气体。生物质在气化炉内通过控制空气供应量进行不完全燃烧，实现低值生物质能由固体向气态的转化，生成包含氢气、一氧化碳、甲烷、多碳烃等可燃成分的燃气。气化产生的燃气出口温度随气化炉型式的不同在350℃至650℃之间，并且含有未完全裂解的焦油及灰尘等杂质。为满足内燃机长期可靠工作的要求，需要对燃气进行冷却和净化处理，使燃气温度降到40℃以下、焦油灰尘含量控制在50mg/Nm?以内。

The core system of biomass gasification power generation consists of a gasifier, a gas purification device, and a generator set. The gasification process includes four stages: drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction, producing combustible gases containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and other components. Biomass is incompletely burned in a gasifier by controlling the air supply, achieving the conversion of low value biomass energy from solid to gas, and generating combustible gases containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrocarbons. The outlet temperature of the gas generated by gasification varies between 350 ℃ and 650 ℃ depending on the type of gasifier, and contains impurities such as incompletely cracked tar and dust. To meet the long-term reliable operation requirements of internal combustion engines, it is necessary to cool and purify the gas to reduce the gas temperature to below 40 ℃ and control the tar and dust content at 50mg/Nm? Within.

生物质气化发电可通过三种途径实现：生物质气化产生燃气作为燃料直接进入燃气锅炉生产蒸汽，再驱动蒸汽轮机发电；也可将净化后的燃气送给燃气轮机燃烧发电；还可以将净化后的燃气送入内燃机直接发电。其中内燃机因投资低、运维简便成为主流选择。内燃机方案发电效率约28%至30%，联合循环系统通过余热回收可将效率提升至35%至40%。系统装机容量覆盖160kW至30MW，小型机组多采用下吸式固定床气化炉，中大型系统则适配流化床气化炉并联发电机组。

Biomass gasification power generation can be achieved through three ways: biomass gasification produces gas as fuel, which directly enters the gas boiler to produce steam, and then drives the steam turbine to generate electricity; The purified gas can also be sent to a gas turbine for combustion and power generation; The purified gas can also be sent to the internal combustion engine for direct power generation. Among them, internal combustion engines have become the mainstream choice due to their low investment and simple operation and maintenance. The power generation efficiency of the internal combustion engine scheme is about 28% to 30%, and the combined cycle system can increase the efficiency to 35% to 40% through waste heat recovery. The installed capacity of the system covers 160kW to 30MW. Small units often use down suction fixed bed gasifiers, while medium and large systems are suitable for parallel generator sets of fluidized bed gasifiers.

从气化形式来看，生物质气化过程可以分为固定床气化和流化床气化两大类。固定床气化包括上吸式气化、下吸式气化和开心式气化三种。流化床气化包括鼓泡床气化等类型。200kW以下规模通常采用下吸式固定床气化炉，400kW以上使用流化床气化炉。生物质气化系统主要由上料机构、气化炉炉体、排渣机构、燃气净化装置、供风系统、燃气输送系统、低氮燃烧系统、水循环系统以及集控系统组成。燃气经过净化后进入内燃机，混合空气燃烧做功，驱动主轴高速转动，主轴再带动发电机进行发电。

From the perspective of gasification forms, biomass gasification processes can be divided into two categories: fixed bed gasification and fluidized bed gasification. Fixed bed gasification includes three types: upward suction gasification, downward suction gasification, and open bed gasification. Fluidized bed gasification includes types such as bubbling bed gasification. Below 200kW, a down suction fixed bed gasifier is usually used, while above 400kW, a fluidized bed gasifier is used. The biomass gasification system mainly consists of a feeding mechanism, gasification furnace body, slag discharge mechanism, gas purification device, air supply system, gas transportation system, low nitrogen combustion system, water circulation system, and centralized control system. After purification, the gas enters the internal combustion engine and mixes with air to burn and do work, driving the main shaft to rotate at high speed, which in turn drives the generator to generate electricity.

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