火力发电在国民经济发展过程中起着重要作用，但由其产生的CO2排放量约占全球CO2总排放量的40%。能源低碳经济领域中的1项重要课题是充分利用可再生能源，但是以风能和太阳能为代表的可再生能源仍存在一定的不稳定性。可通过多种方式对能量进行储存，其中1类方法就是通过电解水的方式制氢，并将制取的氢能进行有效储存。由于未来对电能的要求将与日俱增，除了通过相关设备将风能和太阳能转换成电能之外，可使内燃机燃用氢燃料以有效降低排放，并相应减少对电能的需求。这种能源系统提供了1种经济的解决方案，同时不会使电网产生较大的波动。

Thermal power generation plays an important role in the development of national economy, but its CO2 emissions account for about 40% of the total global CO2 emissions. An important topic in the field of energy and low-carbon economy is to make full use of renewable energy, but the renewable energy represented by wind energy and solar energy still has some instability. Energy can be stored in many ways, of which the first method is to produce hydrogen by electrolyzing water and effectively store the hydrogen energy produced. Due to the increasing demand for electric energy in the future, in addition to converting wind and solar energy into electric energy through relevant equipment, hydrogen fuel can be used in internal combustion engines to effectively reduce emissions and reduce the demand for electric energy accordingly. This energy system provides an economic solution without causing large fluctuations in the power grid.

即使将发动机切换成以氢燃料运行，仍然会产生排放。与燃用天然气的排放情况相比，由于氢燃料燃烧时的火焰传播速度较快，在过量空气系数λ≤2.0时会产生较多的氮氧化物(NOx)，而氢发动机在λ≥2.5的情况下运行，可有效降低发动机排放。其主要挑战在于空气增压系统需要使氢燃料在λ数值尽可能大的条件下运行，但同时又不对天然气的燃烧运行过程产生不利影响。

Even if the engine is switched to run on hydrogen fuel, emissions will still be generated. Compared with the emission of burning natural gas, the flame propagation speed of hydrogen fuel combustion is faster, and the excess air coefficient λ ≤ 2.0 will produce more nitrogen oxides (NOx), while hydrogen engine will λ Operating at ≥ 2.5 can effectively reduce engine emissions. The main challenge is that the air charging system needs to make hydrogen fuel λ The value shall be as large as possible, but it will not adversely affect the combustion and operation process of natural gas.

除了增压机组之外，对预燃室火花塞进行优化也是1项关键技术。预燃室火花塞与常规火花塞相似，所不同的是其电极布设于预燃室中，并可通过预燃室末端的喷孔与主燃烧室相通。在压缩行程期间，预燃室中逐渐充满浓混合气。燃烧过程始于预燃室，产生的火焰随后从预燃室中传出，并进入主燃烧室。预燃室的设计对于燃烧品质起着决定性的作用，因此研究人员必须对每款发动机的燃烧室特性进行优化。

In addition to the booster unit, optimizing the spark plug of the precombustion chamber is also a key technology. The spark plug in the precombustion chamber is similar to the conventional spark plug, except that its electrode is arranged in the precombustion chamber and can be connected with the main combustion chamber through the nozzle hole at the end of the precombustion chamber. During the compression stroke, the precombustion chamber is gradually filled with rich mixture. The combustion process begins in the precombustion chamber, and the generated flame then exits from the precombustion chamber and enters the main combustion chamber. The design of precombustion chamber plays a decisive role in combustion quality, so researchers must optimize the combustion chamber characteristics of each engine.

由于氢燃料易于自燃，因此在燃用氢燃料时，发动机无需使用预燃室火花塞，因为该部件会降低氢燃料燃烧的安全性(图2)。但实际情况恰恰相反，为实现零排放目标，氢混合气较为稀薄，混合气λ>2.5。

Since hydrogen fuel is prone to spontaneous combustion, the engine does not need to use the pre combustion chamber spark plug when burning hydrogen fuel, because this component will reduce the safety of hydrogen fuel combustion (Fig. 2). However, the actual situation is just the opposite. In order to achieve the goal of zero emission, the hydrogen mixture is relatively thin and the mixture λ> 2.5。

在该条件下，氢燃料的自燃性会显著降低，因而其燃烧速度也会相应降低。研究人员通过采用经优化设计的预燃室火花塞，改善了该类稀薄混合气的燃烧速度。与此相反，存在缺陷的预燃室火花塞在燃用氢燃料时会导致一系列技术弊端，从而降低了预燃室火花塞用于氢发动机的适用性。

Under this condition, the spontaneous combustion of hydrogen fuel will be significantly reduced, so its combustion speed will be reduced accordingly. The researchers improved the combustion speed of this kind of lean mixture by using the optimized pre combustion chamber spark plug. On the contrary, the defective precombustion chamber spark plug will lead to a series of technical disadvantages when burning hydrogen fuel, which reduces the applicability of precombustion chamber spark plug for hydrogen engine.

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