Deformation and fatigue fracture of engine accessories:

一）变形

1） Deformation

发动机在使用过程中，由于受力的作用，使零件的尺寸或形状产生改变的现象叫做零件的变形。

During the use of an engine, the phenomenon of deformation of parts is called the deformation of parts, which results in changes in the size or shape of the parts due to the action of force.

发动机零件，特别是气缸体、气缸盖等基础零件的变形，将严重影响相应总成的性能和发动机的使用寿命。研究零件变形的机理及其影响因素，对预防零件变形及变形件的维修具有十分重要的意义。

The deformation of engine components, especially basic components such as cylinder blocks and cylinder heads, will seriously affect the performance of corresponding assemblies and the service life of the engine. Studying the mechanism and influencing factors of component deformation is of great significance for preventing component deformation and repairing deformed parts.

零件的变形包括弹性变形和塑性变形两种。弹性变形是指金属在卸除外力后能完全恢复的那部分变形。弹性变形量很小，一般不超过材料原长度的0.1％-1.0％。塑性变形是指材料在外力除去后，不能恢复的那部分 变形。

The deformation of parts includes two types: elastic deformation and plastic deformation. Elastic deformation refers to the part of deformation that a metal can fully recover after removing external forces. The elastic deformation is very small, generally not exceeding 0.1% -1.0% of the original length of the material. Plastic deformation refers to the deformation of a material that cannot be restored after external forces are removed.

二）疲劳断裂

2） Fatigue fracture

疲劳断裂是指零件在反复多次的应力或能量负荷循环后才发生的断裂现象。零件在使用过程中发生的断裂，约有60％-80％属于疲劳断裂。其特点是断裂时应力低于材料的抗拉强度或屈服极限。不论是脆性材料还是塑性材料，其疲劳断裂在宏观上均无明显塑性变形的脆性断裂。柴油发动机中齿轮轮齿的折断、曲轴的折断等多为疲劳断裂的结果。

Fatigue fracture refers to the fracture phenomenon of a component that occurs after repeated stress or energy load cycles. About 60% -80% of the fractures that occur during the use of parts belong to fatigue fracture. Its characteristic is that the stress at fracture is lower than the tensile strength or yield limit of the material. Both brittle and plastic materials exhibit brittle fracture with no significant plastic deformation at the macroscopic level during fatigue fracture. The fracture of gear teeth and crankshaft in diesel engines is often the result of fatigue fracture.

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