能源是国民经济发展的物质基础和原动力。近年来，能源紧缺日渐成为制约经济发展的关键因素，并且化石燃料的大量燃烧造成严重的环境污染和温室效应。以前被忽略的焦炉煤气、垃圾填埋气、煤层气等可燃气体越来越受到人们的重视。合理充分利用这些可燃性资源不仅可以有效缓解能源紧张问题，同时也有利于减轻环境污染问题。

　　Energy is the material foundation and driving force for the development of the national economy. In recent years, energy scarcity has become a key factor restricting economic development, and the large-scale combustion of fossil fuels has caused serious environmental pollution and greenhouse effect. Previously overlooked combustible gases such as coke oven gas, landfill gas, and coalbed methane are receiving increasing attention from people. Reasonably and fully utilizing these combustible resources can not only effectively alleviate energy shortages, but also help alleviate environmental pollution problems.

　　尾气余热发电的理论可行性

　　Theoretical feasibility of tail gas waste heat power generation

　　焦炉尾气生产与利用现状我国是世界上焦炭生产最大的国家，每年估计大约有2亿t优质煤炭用于生产焦炭。在炼焦生产出焦炭和焦油产品的同时会产生大量的高温烟气，即焦炉尾气。焦炉尾气余热发电是指将这些多余烟气的热量转化为电能的技术。其中，用于发电的余热主要有高温烟气余热、低温余热、冷却介质余热、化学反应余热以及废气、废液余热等七种。余热发电的关键设备是余热锅炉和发电机组，余热锅炉可利用可燃质或废液、废气等工质中的余热作热源，生产蒸汽用于发电。根据相关调查显示，焦炉尾气的余热总资源约占煤炭消耗总量的17％～67％，可利用的余热约占余热总量的60％。合理有效利用焦炉尾气是提高能源利用率，减轻环境污染的一个重要举措。

　　The current situation of production and utilization of coke oven exhaust gas: China is the country with the largest coke production in the world, with an estimated 200 million tons of high-quality coal used for coke production every year. At the same time as coking produces coke and tar products, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas, namely coke oven tail gas, is generated. Coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation refers to the technology of converting the excess heat of these flue gases into electrical energy. Among them, the waste heat used for power generation mainly includes seven types: high-temperature flue gas waste heat, low-temperature waste heat, cooling medium waste heat, chemical reaction waste heat, and waste gas and waste liquid waste heat. The key equipment for waste heat power generation is the waste heat boiler and generator set. The waste heat boiler can use the waste heat from combustible materials or working fluids such as waste liquid and exhaust gas as a heat source to produce steam for power generation. According to relevant surveys, the total waste heat resources of coke oven exhaust gas account for about 17% to 67% of the total coal consumption, and the available waste heat accounts for about 60% of the total waste heat. Reasonable and effective utilization of coke oven exhaust gas is an important measure to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental pollution.

　　目前，国内对于焦炉尾气余热回收利用的途径很多，主要包括综合利用、直接利用以及余热发电利用。直接利用是指将余热应用于空调暖通或作为动力源等，利用率相对较高，但限于暖通空调季节变化较大或用量较小等特点，以及作为动力用要求相对稳定的负荷的特点，直接利用的方式具有一定的局限性。随着我国对节能减排的支持，对能源的重视以及余热发电技术的日益成熟，余热发电所带来的经济和社会效益越来越受到企业的重视，利用焦炉尾气生产高品质电能逐渐成为余热利用的趋势，有利于提高资源利用率，缓解供电紧张。

　　At present, there are many ways to recover and utilize the waste heat from coke oven tail gas in China, mainly including comprehensive utilization, direct utilization, and waste heat power generation utilization. Direct utilization refers to the use of waste heat for air conditioning, heating and ventilation, or as a power source, with a relatively high utilization rate. However, due to the characteristics of large seasonal variations or small usage in HVAC, as well as the requirement for relatively stable loads as power, direct utilization has certain limitations. With China's support for energy conservation and emission reduction, emphasis on energy, and the increasing maturity of waste heat power generation technology, the economic and social benefits brought by waste heat power generation are receiving more and more attention from enterprises. The use of coke oven tail gas to produce high-quality electricity has gradually become a trend in waste heat utilization, which is conducive to improving resource utilization efficiency and alleviating power supply shortages.

　　焦炉尾气余热发电的方式电能是一种使用灵活且方便的高级能。对于焦炉尾气的高温余热，采用余热发电的回收利用方式更符合能及匹配原则。而对于焦炉尾气的低温度余热，在没有热用户的情况下，可以选择的回收方式则是将余热转化为电能后再加以利用。焦炉尾气的余热发电一般有三种方式：一是首先利用余热锅炉产生蒸汽，再通过蒸汽轮机或燃气轮机等发电机组，按背压式循环或凝汽式机组循环发电。

　　The method of generating electricity from coke oven tail gas waste heat is a flexible and convenient advanced energy source. For the high-temperature waste heat of coke oven tail gas, the recycling and utilization method of waste heat power generation is more in line with the principle of energy and matching. For the low-temperature waste heat of coke oven tail gas, in the absence of heat users, the alternative recovery method is to convert the waste heat into electrical energy and then reuse it. There are generally three ways to generate electricity from the waste heat of coke oven exhaust gas: firstly, steam is generated by a waste heat boiler, and then electricity is generated by a back pressure cycle or condensing unit cycle through a steam turbine or gas turbine generator set.

　　二是采用氟利昂等低沸点工质回收低、中温余热，在透平中将产生的氟利昂蒸气等按朗肯循环膨胀做功，带动发电机组发电。三是对于焦炉尾气的高温余热，将其作为燃气轮机工质的热源，经加热、加压等方式推动燃气轮机做功，在带动燃气轮机做功的同时，带动发电机组发电。1.3焦炉尾气发电的特点焦炉尾气余热发电的特点主要表现在五个方面：一是建设期短，一般4台500kW的内燃机发电机建设成总装机容量为2000kW的燃气发电站，建设期为20d左右。二是可以实现焦化厂的双回路供电，利用焦炉尾气余热发电，能够改善焦化厂的供电条件，尤其是供电紧张的焦化厂，可以在外界供电紧张的情况下，保持正常的运行。三是有利于保护环境，焦炉尾气余热的主要成分是氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳等，焦炉尾气余热发电可以变废为宝，减少燃烧排空造成的空气污染，对环境保护具有非常积极的意义。四是方便搬迁，燃气发电机组的体积小，能够方便移动。五是电站规模范围广，发电机组各种功率规格齐全，品种多，焦化厂可根据焦炉尾气的量选择电站规模。

　　The second is to use low boiling point refrigerants such as Freon to recover low and medium temperature waste heat, and to expand the generated Freon vapor in the turbine according to the Rankine cycle to do work, driving the generator set to generate electricity. The third is to use the high-temperature waste heat from coke oven exhaust gas as a heat source for gas turbine working fluid, and to drive the gas turbine to do work through heating, pressurization, and other methods. While driving the gas turbine to do work, it also drives the generator set to generate electricity. 1.3 Characteristics of Coke Oven Tail Gas Power Generation The characteristics of coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation are mainly manifested in five aspects: firstly, the construction period is short. Generally, four 500kW internal combustion engine generators are built into a gas power station with a total installed capacity of 2000kW, and the construction period is about 20 days. The second is to achieve dual circuit power supply for coking plants, utilizing the waste heat of coke oven tail gas to generate electricity, which can improve the power supply conditions of coking plants, especially for those with tight power supply, and can maintain normal operation under external power supply constraints. Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment. The main components of coke oven tail gas waste heat are hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, etc. Coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation can turn waste into treasure, reduce air pollution caused by combustion and exhaust, and have a very positive significance for environmental protection. Fourthly, it is convenient for relocation. The gas generator set has a small volume and can be easily moved. Fifthly, the power station has a wide range of scales, with various power specifications and varieties of generator sets. Coking plants can choose the power station scale according to the amount of coke oven tail gas.

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