发电机是一种将机械能转化为电能的设备，用于产生电力供电或备用电源。然而，由于长时间运行或其他原因，发电机可能出现各种故障。下面是一些常见的发电机故障以及对应的解决方案。

　　A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, used to generate electrical power or backup power. However, due to prolonged operation or other reasons, the generator may experience various malfunctions. Here are some common generator faults and corresponding solutions.

　　1发电机进风温度异常升高

　　1. Abnormal increase in inlet air temperature of generator

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　如果发电机出风温度、定子线圈温度未超过规定时，可不降低发电机的出力，但应查明原因，及时调整；当超过规定值时，应先降低发电机出力再进行检查处理。

　　If the outlet air temperature and stator coil temperature of the generator do not exceed the specified limits, the output of the generator may not be reduced, but the cause should be identified and adjusted in a timely manner; When the specified value is exceeded, the generator output should be reduced first before inspection and handling.

　　2发电机线圈和铁芯温度异常升高

　　2. Abnormal increase in temperature of generator coils and iron cores

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　如果超过规定值时，应迅速降低负荷。

　　If the specified value is exceeded, the load should be quickly reduced.

　　迅速检查冷却空气温度，并检查滤尘器是否堵塞；

　　Quickly check the temperature of the cooling air and check if the dust filter is clogged;

　　检查空冷器出入口阀门是否关闭。

　　Check if the inlet and outlet valves of the air cooler are closed.

　　3发电机过负荷

　　3 Generator overload

　　发电机允许短时过负荷运行，过负荷的参数及时间按下表确定：

　　The generator is allowed to operate under short-term overload, and the parameters and time of overload are determined according to the following table:

　　过负荷时，要在规定的时间内把负荷电流降至允许值内，同时还要监视发电机各部温度不超标。

　　When overloaded, the load current should be reduced to the allowable value within the specified time, and the temperature of each part of the generator should be monitored to ensure that it does not exceed the standard.

　　4发电机三相不平衡电流超标

　　The three-phase unbalanced current of the generator exceeds the standard

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　发电机三相不平衡电流超过规定时，应首先检查是否由于互感器回路故障引起，否则应降低定子电流使其不超过规定值，同时还应严密监视发电机各部温度，当发现温度异常升高，不平衡电流增加时，应紧急解列停机。如果并网运行，不平衡电流没有超过额定值10%，减小外送有功，看不平衡电流是否变小，如果变小，是外网引起的。可以维持运行。或断开外网。

　　When the three-phase unbalanced current of the generator exceeds the specified value, the first thing to check is whether it is caused by a fault in the transformer circuit. Otherwise, the stator current should be reduced to not exceed the specified value. At the same time, the temperature of each part of the generator should be closely monitored. When the temperature rises abnormally and the unbalanced current increases, emergency disconnection and shutdown should be carried out. If the unbalanced current does not exceed 10% of the rated value during grid connected operation, reduce the external active power and see if the unbalanced current decreases. If it decreases, it is caused by the external grid. Can maintain operation. Or disconnect from the external network.

　　5发电机运行中指示表计之一突然指示失常或消失

　　During the operation of the generator, one of the indicators suddenly shows abnormal or disappears readings

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　应参照其余表计的指示，检查是否由于仪表本身或其一、二次回路的损坏引起，如果二次回路导线损坏，尽可能不改变发电机的运行方式；如果影响发电机的正常运行时，应根据实际情况减少负荷或停机处理。

　　Refer to the instructions of other meters and check if it is caused by damage to the instrument itself or its primary and secondary circuits. If the secondary circuit wires are damaged, try not to change the operation mode of the generator as much as possible; If it affects the normal operation of the generator, the load should be reduced or the machine should be shut down according to the actual situation.

　　6发电机机端PT二次电压消失

　　6. The PT secondary voltage at the generator terminal disappears

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　警铃响，“发电机机端PT断线”报警。

　　The alarm bell rings, and the "generator terminal PT disconnection" alarm is triggered.

　　发电机有功、无功、电压表指示降低或为零。

　　The active, reactive, and voltmeter readings of the generator decrease or reach zero.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　将自动调节励磁系统改为手动方式运行；

　　Change the automatic excitation system to manual operation mode;

　　退出发电机复合电压闭锁过流保护；

　　Exit the generator compound voltage lockout overcurrent protection;

　　通过其它表计对发电机进行监视调整；

　　Monitor and adjust the generator through other meters;

　　通知汽机注意监视发电机。

　　Notify the turbine to monitor the generator carefully.

　　检查机端PT回路，如果一、二次保险熔断，应予以更换；

　　Check the PT circuit at the machine end. If the primary and secondary fuses are blown, they should be replaced;

　　正常后，投入发电机复合电压闭锁过流保护，将励磁调节方式改为自动方式运行。

　　After normal operation, activate the generator's composite voltage lockout overcurrent protection and change the excitation regulation mode to automatic operation.

　　7发电机励磁PT二次电压消失

　　7 Generator excitation PT secondary voltage disappears

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　警铃响，“发电机励PT断线”报警。

　　The alarm bell rings, and the "generator excitation PT disconnection" alarm is triggered.

　　励磁调节屏发电机机端电压表指示到零。

　　The excitation control panel generator terminal voltmeter indicates zero.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　将励磁调节方式改为手动方式运行；

　　Change the excitation regulation mode to manual operation;

　　检查励磁PT回路，如果一、二次保险熔断，应予以更换；

　　Check the excitation PT circuit. If the primary and secondary fuses are blown, they should be replaced;

　　恢复正常后，将励磁调节方式改为自动方式运行。

　　After returning to normal, change the excitation regulation mode to automatic operation.

　　8发电机升不起电压

　　8. The generator cannot raise the voltage

　　现象：发电机升压时电压表无指示或很低。

　　Phenomenon: When the generator is boosting, the voltmeter shows no indication or is very low.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　检查励磁调节系统是否正常；

　　Check if the excitation regulation system is functioning properly;

　　检查表计及PT一、二次回路是否正常；

　　Check whether the meter and PT primary and secondary circuits are normal;

　　测量励磁变高、低压侧绝缘电阻是否合格；

　　Measure whether the insulation resistance on the high and low voltage sides of the excitation transformer is qualified;

　　9差动CT断线

　　9. Differential CT disconnection

　　现象：警铃响，“差动CT断线”报警。

　　Phenomenon: The alarm bell rings and the "differential CT disconnection" alarm sounds.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　通过保护装置电流监测功能检查差动CT回路是否确实断线；

　　Check whether the differential CT circuit is indeed disconnected through the current monitoring function of the protective device;

　　如果差动CT回路确实断线，则应暂时退出差动保护；

　　If the differential CT circuit is indeed disconnected, the differential protection should be temporarily exited;

　　检查差动CT回路接线端子是否接触良好；

　　Check if the differential CT circuit wiring terminals are in good contact;

　　检查各差动CT本体有无异常；

　　Check for any abnormalities in each differential CT body;

　　恢复正常后，投入差动保护。

　　After returning to normal, activate differential protection.

　　10发电机内部故障

　　Internal fault of generator 10

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　警铃响，“发电机差动保护动作”或“定子接地保护动作”、“主汽门关闭”  报警。

　　The alarm bell rings, and the "generator differential protection action" or "stator grounding protection action" and "main steam valve closed" alarms.

　　发电机表计指示剧烈摆动后到零。

　　The generator meter indicates a severe swing and then reaches zero.

　　发电机主开关与灭磁开关跳闸。

　　The main switch and demagnetization switch of the generator tripped.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　检查并记录保护动作情况。

　　Check and record the protective actions.

　　对发电机及其有关设备和所有在保护区的电气回路作详细的外部检查，查明有 无故障，同时询问电网有无故障，如确有故障，待消除后恢复运行。

　　Conduct a detailed external inspection of the generator and its related equipment, as well as all electrical circuits within the protected area, to determine if there are any faults. At the same time, inquire about any faults in the power grid. If there are indeed faults, they will be resolved before resuming operation.

　　若未发现明显故障点，在测量定、转子线圈绝缘电阻合格后，可申请值长将发电机零起升压，升压时发现不正常立即停机，未发现异常可并入电网运行。

　　If no obvious fault point is found, after measuring the insulation resistance of the stator and rotor coils and passing the test, the shift supervisor can be applied to increase the voltage of the generator from zero. If any abnormality is found during the voltage increase, the generator should be immediately shut down. If no abnormality is found, it can be connected to the power grid for operation.

　　11发电机外部故障

　　External fault of generator 11

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　警铃响，“发电机复合电压闭锁过流保护动作”电脑报警亮。

　　The alarm bell rings, and the computer alarm lights up for the "Generator Compound Voltage Lockout Overcurrent Protection Action".

　　定子电流表突然剧增，电压剧降。

　　The stator ammeter suddenly increases sharply and the voltage drops sharply.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　发电机外部长时间故障，电流表指示最大，电压急剧降低时，值班员应立即手动解列发电机；如果定时过流保护切断发电机主开关，同时内部故障保护未动作，经外部检查未发现明显不正常现象时，可待其它系统正常后将发电机并网运行。

　　When the external fault of the generator lasts for a long time, the ammeter indicates the maximum, and the voltage drops sharply, the duty officer should immediately manually disconnect the generator; If the timed overcurrent protection cuts off the main switch of the generator and the internal fault protection does not operate, and no obvious abnormal phenomenon is found after external inspection, the generator can be connected to the grid for operation after other systems are normal.

　　12发电机转子一点接地

　　12. One point grounding of generator rotor

　　现象：警铃响，“转子一点接地”报警。

　　Phenomenon: The alarm bell rings and the "rotor is grounded at one point" alarm sounds.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　检查保护装置内接地情况，及两点接地保护是否在跳闸位置，否则应立即将其投至跳闸位置；

　　Check the grounding condition inside the protective device and whether the two-point grounding protection is in the tripping position. Otherwise, it should be immediately put into the tripping position;

　　检查转子滑环处有无过热，积灰、油污，并设法清理；

　　Check for overheating, dust accumulation, and oil stains at the rotor slip ring, and try to clean it up;

　　当一点接地的同时或查找一点接地的过程中发电机有失磁现象时，应立即解列停机。

　　When there is a demagnetization phenomenon in the generator during the process of grounding or finding a grounding point, it should be immediately disconnected and stopped.

　　若确定为转子内部一点接地时，则应申请值长停机处理。

　　If it is determined that there is a grounding point inside the rotor, the shift chief operator should be requested to stop the machine for processing.

　　13发电机变同步电动机运行

　　13 Generator to Synchronous Motor Operation

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　警铃响，“主汽门关闭”电脑报警亮。

　　The alarm bell rings, and the computer alarm lights up when the main throttle valve is closed.

　　发电机有功表指示零值以下，无功表指示升高。

　　The active power meter of the generator indicates a value below zero, while the reactive power meter indicates an increase.

　　发电机定子电流降低，定子电压升高。

　　The stator current of the generator decreases and the stator voltage increases.

　　励磁电压和电流略有降低。

　　The excitation voltage and current have slightly decreased.

　　进线有可能过负荷，或指针满盘。

　　The incoming line may be overloaded or the pointer may be full.

　　处理 ：

　　handle:

　　主汽门联跳发电机保护应动作解列停机，否则应手动解列停机。若主汽门关闭后，同时接到汽机方“机器危险”通知，应立即手动解列发电机。

　　The main steam valve tripping generator protection should be activated to disconnect and shut down, otherwise it should be manually disconnected and shut down. If the main steam valve is closed and a "machine danger" notice is received from the turbine side, the generator should be manually disconnected immediately.

　　14发电机振荡

　　14 Generator oscillation

　　原因：

　　Reason:

　　由于系统故障引起

　　Due to system malfunction

　　发电机失磁或欠磁引起

　　Generator demagnetization or under magnetization caused

　　人员误操作

　　Personnel misoperation

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　定子电流表往复摆动，通常电流超过额定值。

　　The stator ammeter oscillates back and forth, and the current usually exceeds the rated value.

　　定子电压表指针剧烈摆动，通常电压指示降低。

　　The pointer of the stator voltmeter swings violently, usually causing a decrease in voltage indication.

　　有功、无功表指针剧烈摆动。

　　The pointers of the active and reactive power meters swing violently.

　　发电机发生有节奏的鸣声，且与表计摆动合摆。

　　The generator produces a rhythmic sound and oscillates in conjunction with the meter.

　　如果发电机与系统同步振荡，发电机表计与系统表计摆动一致；如果发电机与系统发生振荡，则发电机表计与系统摆动相反。

　　If the generator oscillates synchronously with the system, the oscillation of the generator meter and the system meter will be consistent; If the generator oscillates with the system, the generator meter will oscillate in the opposite direction to the system.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　若发生趋向稳定的振荡，则不需要操作，但要做好处理事故的准备。

　　If a stable oscillation occurs, no operation is required, but preparation should be made to handle the accident.

　　如果振荡无减小的趋势，则应立即通知汽机降低发电机有功负荷，并立即增加发电机的励磁电流，当采用自动励磁时，严禁干扰调节器动作。

　　If there is no decreasing trend in oscillation, the turbine should be immediately notified to reduce the active load of the generator and increase the excitation current of the generator. When using automatic excitation, it is strictly prohibited to interfere with the operation of the regulator.

　　如果振荡由于发电机误并列引起，应立即将发电机解列。

　　If oscillation is caused by generator misalignment, the generator should be disconnected immediately.

　　值班员采取措施后，在两分钟内无法将发电机投入同步，则应将发电机解列。

　　If the duty officer fails to synchronize the generator within two minutes after taking measures, the generator should be disconnected.

　　15发电机解列时发生非全相运行

　　Non full phase operation occurs when the 15 generators are disconnected

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　发电机解列时定子三相电流表指示不平衡，机组发生振动。

　　When the generator is disconnected, the stator three-phase ammeter indicates imbalance and the unit vibrates.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　手动再拉一次开关，如不成功，则联系汽机维持转速3000r/min，将发电机重新同期并入系统。

　　Manually pull the switch again. If unsuccessful, contact the turbine to maintain a speed of 3000r/min and synchronize the generator back into the system.

　　并入系统后，联系装置区倒负荷，用上一级开关将发电机解列。

　　After integration into the system, contact the device area to reverse the load and use the higher-level switch to disconnect the generator.

　　如果发电机无法并入系统，应立即拉开发电机上一级开关及发电机侧母线上的线路开关。

　　If the generator cannot be integrated into the system, the upper level switch of the generator and the line switch on the generator side busbar should be immediately opened.

　　16发电机主开关跳闸

　　16 Generator main switch tripped

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　立即检查灭磁开关是否跳开，否则应立即手动将其断开。

　　Immediately check if the demagnetization switch has tripped, otherwise it should be manually disconnected immediately.

　　检查系统联络线情况，根据主系统运行规程做进一步处理；

　　Check the status of the system communication line and take further actions according to the operating procedures of the main system;

　　检查何种保护动作，保护动作值，判断故障后，汇报领导处理；

　　Check what protective actions are taken, the protective action values, determine the fault, and report to the leader for handling;

　　若为人员误动，可不经检查，将发电机并列。

　　If it is due to personnel error, the generator can be connected in parallel without inspection.

　　17发电机失磁

　　17 Generator demagnetization

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　警铃响，“失磁保护动作”电脑报警亮。发电机无功负荷降至零值以下。

　　The alarm bell rings, and the "demagnetization protection action" computer alarm lights up. The reactive load of the generator drops below zero.

　　发电机励磁电压降低，励磁电流到零。

　　The excitation voltage of the generator decreases and the excitation current reaches zero.

　　发电机定子电压降低，定子电流明显增加。

　　The stator voltage of the generator decreases, and the stator current increases significantly.

　　有功摆动并降低，无功指示零值以下。

　　Active power swings and decreases, while reactive power indicates a value below zero.

　　线路电流满盘或对侧开关跳闸。

　　The line current is full or the switch on the opposite side trips.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　发电机失去励磁时，失磁保护应动作解列发电机；当失磁保护未动或开关拒跳时，应立即手动解列停机。

　　When the generator loses excitation, the demagnetization protection should activate to disconnect the generator; When the demagnetization protection is not activated or the switch refuses to trip, the machine should be manually disconnected and stopped immediately.

　　解列后，对发电机励磁回路进行检查处理，无问题后，将发电机并入系统。

　　After disconnection, check and handle the excitation circuit of the generator. If there are no problems, connect the generator to the system.

　　18发电机非同期并列

　　18 Generator Non synchronous Parallel

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　在合上待并发电机主开关的瞬间，定子电流突然剧增，定子电压降低，发电机本体发出吼声，然后定子电流剧烈摆动或引起保护动作跳闸。

　　At the moment of closing the main switch of the standby generator, the stator current suddenly increases sharply, the stator voltage decreases, the generator body makes a roar, and then the stator current swings violently or causes the protection action to trip.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　若保护未动，应立即手动断开发电机主开关与灭磁开关解列发电机。

　　If the protection is not activated, the generator main switch and demagnetization switch should be manually disconnected immediately to disconnect the generator.

　　待发电机停止转动后，测量定子线圈绝缘电阻。

　　After the motor stops rotating, measure the insulation resistance of the stator coil.

　　打开发电机端盖，检查定子线圈端部有无变形。

　　Open the generator end cover and check for any deformation at the end of the stator coil.

　　在查明发电机确未受损及非同期并列的原因，经总工批准，再次将发电机并入系统。

　　After confirming that the generator was not damaged and the reason for the asynchronous parallel connection was confirmed, with the approval of the chief engineer, the generator was once again integrated into the system.

　　19发电机或励磁变着火

　　19 Generator or excitation transformer catches fire

　　原因：

　　Reason:

　　绕组绝缘击穿；

　　Winding insulation breakdown;

　　导线及接头过热。

　　The wires and connectors are overheating.

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　发电机窥视孔中可见到火星、烟雾；

　　Mars and smoke can be seen in the peephole of the generator;

　　励磁变本体冒烟着火；

　　The excitation transformer body is smoking and catching fire;

　　发电机励磁变周围有很强的绝缘焦臭味。

　　There is a strong smell of insulation burning around the excitation transformer of the generator.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　立即解列停机。

　　Immediately disconnect and shut down.

　　如解列后火势仍不减，应向发电机内注水，励磁变1211灭火器灭火。

　　If the fire still does not subside after disconnection, water should be injected into the generator and the 1211 fire extinguisher of the excitation transformer should be used to extinguish the fire.

　　维持发电机300r/min运行。

　　Maintain the generator running at 300r/min.

　　保护事故现场，分析事故原因。

　　Protect the accident scene and analyze the cause of the accident.

　　20发电机震荡与失步

　　20 Generator Vibration and Out of Step

　　现象：

　　Phenomenon:

　　发电机正常运行时发出的功率和用户的负荷功率是平衡的，发电机和系统都在稳定状态下运行。当系统中发生某些重大扰动时，发电机与用户的有功平衡将遭到破坏。此时必须立即改变发电机的输出功率。

　　The power generated by the generator during normal operation is balanced with the load power of the user, and both the generator and the system are operating in a stable state. When significant disturbances occur in the system, the active power balance between the generator and the user will be disrupted. At this point, the output power of the generator must be immediately changed.

　　但由于发电机转子的转动惯性作用，汽轮机的调速器的动作需要一定的延时，故改变发电机的功率就需要有一个过程，在这个过程中，发电机的功率与用户的功率不能平衡，就会破坏发电机稳定运行，使发电机发生振荡。

　　However, due to the rotational inertia of the generator rotor, the action of the turbine governor requires a certain delay, so changing the power of the generator requires a process. During this process, the power of the generator cannot be balanced with that of the user, which will disrupt the stable operation of the generator and cause oscillation.

　　处理：

　　handle:

　　如果事故不严重，汽轮机调速动作较灵敏则发电机的电流、电压及功率经短时间波动后，会恢复到功率平衡，如果事故很严重，汽轮机的调速器的动作很迟钝，则会使个别发电机与系统之间发生激烈振荡，另一瞬间又从系统吸收功率，这种功率来回传递，可能发展到使发电机与系统之间失去同步。

　　If the accident is not serious and the speed regulation action of the steam turbine is sensitive, the current, voltage, and power of the generator will return to power balance after a short period of fluctuation. If the accident is serious and the speed regulation action of the steam turbine is slow, it will cause intense oscillations between individual generators and the system, and at another moment absorb power from the system. This power is transmitted back and forth and may develop into a loss of synchronization between the generator and the system.

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　　This article is a friendly contribution from a biogas generator set For more related knowledge, please click https://www.huannengpower.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.