1、生物质直接燃烧发电
1. Direct combustion of biomass for power generation
生物质直接燃烧发电是指把生物质原料送入适合生物质燃烧的特定锅炉中直接燃烧，产生蒸汽，带动蒸汽轮机及发电机发电。已开发应用的生物质锅炉种类较多，如木材锅炉、甘蔗渣锅炉、稻壳锅炉、秸秆锅炉等。生物质直接燃烧发电的关键技术包括原料预处理，生物质锅炉防腐，提高生物质锅炉的多种原料适用性及燃烧效率、蒸汽轮机效率等技术。
Biomass direct combustion power generation refers to the direct combustion of biomass raw materials into a specific boiler suitable for biomass combustion, generating steam to drive steam turbines and generators to generate electricity. There are many types of biomass boilers that have been developed and applied, such as wood boilers, bagasse boilers, rice husk boilers, straw boilers, etc. The key technologies for biomass direct combustion power generation include raw material pretreatment, anti-corrosion of biomass boilers, improving the applicability and combustion efficiency of various raw materials for biomass boilers, and steam turbine efficiency.
生物质直接燃烧发电技术中的生物质燃烧方式包括固定床燃烧或流化床燃烧等方式。固定床燃烧对生物质原料的预处理要求较低，生物质经过简单处理甚至无须处理就可投入炉排炉内燃烧。流化床燃烧要求将大块的生物质原料预先粉碎至易于流化的粒度，其燃烧效率和强度都比固定床高。
The biomass combustion methods in biomass direct combustion power generation technology include fixed bed combustion or fluidized bed combustion. Fixed bed combustion requires low pre-treatment requirements for biomass raw materials, and biomass can be put into a grate furnace for combustion after simple treatment or even without treatment. Fluidized bed combustion requires pre crushing large biomass raw materials to a particle size that is easy to fluidize, with higher combustion efficiency and intensity than fixed beds.
另外，由于我国的生物质种类多，成分复杂，收集运输困难，而且主要的农业废弃物受到农业生产和季节性的影响不能保证全年供应，所以与燃煤锅炉对燃料单一性的要求不同，生物质锅炉要求能适应多种生物质原料，以保证燃料供应的稳定性。
In addition, due to the large variety and complex composition of biomass in China, collection and transportation difficulties, and the impact of agricultural production and seasonality on the main agricultural wastes, which cannot ensure the annual supply, unlike coal-fired boilers, which require fuel uniformity, biomass boilers are required to be able to adapt to a variety of biomass raw materials to ensure the stability of fuel supply.
我国的生物质锅炉和小型蒸汽轮机技术已基本成熟，但设备规模较小，参数较低，与进口设备相比效率较低。生物质直接燃烧发电技术比较成熟，在大规模生产条件下具有较高的效率。该技术在我国应用较少，因为它要求生物质资源集中，数量巨大，如果大规模收集或运输生物质，将提高原料成本，因此该技术比较适于现代化大农场或大型加工厂的废物处理。

The technology of biomass boilers and small steam turbines in China has been basically mature, but the equipment scale is small, the parameters are low, and the efficiency is lower compared to imported equipment. Biomass direct combustion power generation technology is relatively mature and has high efficiency under large-scale production conditions. This technology is rarely used in China because it requires concentrated biomass resources and a large amount. If biomass is collected or transported on a large scale, it will increase the cost of raw materials. Therefore, this technology is more suitable for waste treatment in modern large farms or large processing plants.
2、生物质气化发电
2. Biomass gasification for power generation
生物质气化发电是指生物质在气化炉中气化生成可燃气体，经过净化后驱动内燃机或小型燃气轮机发电。气化炉应对不同种类的生物质原料有较强的适应性。内燃机一般由柴油机或天然气机改造而成，以适应生物质燃气热值较低的要求;燃气轮机要求容量小，适于燃烧高杂质、低热值的生物质燃气。
Biomass gasification power generation refers to the gasification of biomass in a gasifier to generate combustible gas, which is purified to drive an internal combustion engine or small gas turbine for power generation. Gasifiers have strong adaptability to different types of biomass feedstock. Internal combustion engines are generally modified from diesel or natural gas engines to meet the requirements of low calorific value of biomass gas; The gas turbine requires a small capacity and is suitable for burning biomass gas with high impurities and low calorific value.
生物质气化发电包括小型气化发电和中型气化发电2种模式：小型气化发电采用简单的气化—内燃机发电工艺，发电效率一般在14%-20%，规模一般小于3MW。中型气化发电除了采用气化—内燃机(或燃气轮机)发电工艺外，同时增加余热回收和发电系统，气化发电系统的总效率可达到25%-35%。
Biomass gasification power generation includes two modes: small-scale gasification power generation and medium-sized gasification power generation: small-scale gasification power generation uses a simple gasification internal combustion engine power generation process, with a power generation efficiency of generally 14% - 20%, and a scale of generally less than 3MW. In addition to adopting the gasification internal combustion engine (or gas turbine) power generation process, medium-sized gasification power generation also adds a waste heat recovery and power generation system. The total efficiency of the gasification power generation system can reach 25% - 35%.
另外，大规模的气化—燃气轮机联合循环发电系统作为的生物质气化发电技术，能耗比常规系统低，总体效率高于40%，但关键技术仍未成熟，尚处在示范和研究阶段。
In addition, as an advanced biomass gasification power generation technology, large-scale gasification gas turbine combined cycle power generation systems have lower energy consumption and overall efficiency higher than 40% compared to conventional systems. However, key technologies are still immature and are still in the demonstration and research stage.