Tell us five wrong operation methods of diesel generator:

（1）冷启动后未暖机就带负荷运转。

(1) After the cold start, the engine operates with load without warming up.

柴油机冷机启动时，由于机油黏度大、流动性差，是机油泵供油不足，机器摩擦面因缺油润滑不良，造成急剧磨损，甚至发生拉缸、烧瓦等故障。因此，柴油机冷却启动后应怠速运转升温，待机油温度达到40℃以上时再带负荷运转；机器起步应挂低速挡，并循序每一挡位行驶一段里程，直到油温正常、供油充分后，方可转为正常行驶。

During the cold start of the diesel engine, due to the high viscosity and poor fluidity of the engine oil, the oil supply of the engine oil pump is insufficient, and the friction surface of the machine is poorly lubricated due to lack of oil, resulting in rapid wear, and even cylinder pulling, Bush burning and other failures. Therefore, after the diesel engine is cooled and started, it should run at idle speed to raise the temperature, and then run with load when the oil temperature reaches more than 40 ℃; When starting the machine, shift to the low gear and drive for a certain mileage in each gear in sequence until the oil temperature is normal and the oil supply is sufficient.

（2）柴油机机油不足时运转。

(2) The diesel engine runs when the engine oil is insufficient.

此时会因机油供给不足而造成各摩擦副表面供油不足，导致异常磨损或烧伤。为此，机器起步前和柴油机运转过程中要保证机油充足，防止由于缺油而引起拉缸、烧瓦故障。

At this time, insufficient oil supply on the friction pair surface will be caused due to insufficient oil supply, resulting in abnormal wear or burns. Therefore, before starting the machine and during the operation of the diesel engine, ensure that the engine oil is sufficient to prevent cylinder pulling and Bush burning due to lack of oil.

（3）带负荷急停机或突然卸除负荷后立刻停机 。

(3) Emergency shutdown with load or immediate shutdown after sudden unloading of load.

柴油机熄火后冷却系水的循环停止，散热能力急剧降低，受热件失去冷却，易造成气缸盖、气缸套、气缸体等机件过热，产生裂纹，或使活塞过度膨胀卡死缸套内。另一方面，柴油机停机时未经怠速降温，会使摩擦面含油不足，当柴油机再次启动时会因润滑不良而加剧磨损。因此，柴油机熄火前应卸除负荷，并逐渐降低转速、空载运转几分钟。

After the diesel engine flameout, the circulation of cooling water stops, the heat dissipation capacity decreases sharply, and the heating parts lose cooling, which is easy to cause overheating of cylinder head, cylinder liner, cylinder block and other parts, resulting in cracks, or excessive expansion of piston and seizure in cylinder liner. On the other hand, if the diesel engine is shut down without idle cooling, the oil content on the friction surface will be insufficient, and the wear will be aggravated due to poor lubrication when the diesel engine is started again. Therefore, before the diesel engine stalls, the load shall be removed, the speed shall be gradually reduced and the engine shall run without load for several minutes.

（4）柴油机冷启动后猛轰油门。

(4) The diesel engine slammed the throttle after cold start.

若猛轰油门，则柴油机转速急剧升高，会造成机上的有些摩擦面因产生干摩擦而剧烈磨损。另外，轰油门时活塞、连杆和曲轴受理力变化大，引起剧烈撞击，易损坏机件。

If the throttle is slammed, the speed of the diesel engine will increase sharply, which will cause severe wear of some friction surfaces on the engine due to dry friction. In addition, the force of piston, connecting rod and crankshaft changes greatly when the throttle is blown, causing severe impact and easy to damage the parts.

（5）冷却水量不足或冷却水、机油温度过高的情况下运转。

(5) It operates when the cooling water is insufficient or the temperature of cooling water and oil is too high.

柴油机冷却水量不足会降低其冷却效果，柴油机因得不到有效的冷却而过热；冷却水、机油的油温过高，也会引起柴油机过热。此时气缸盖、气缸套、活塞组件及气门等主要受热负荷大，其机械性能如强度、韧性等急剧下降，使零件变形增加，减小了零件间的配合间隙，加速机件磨损，严重时还会产生裂纹、机件卡住的故障。冷却水、机油温度过高会加快机油老化变质和烧损，且机油黏度下降，套缸和活塞及主要摩擦副的条件润滑条件恶化，产生异常磨损。柴油机过热还会恶化柴油机燃烧过程，使喷油器工作失常，雾化不良，积炭增多。

Insufficient cooling water of diesel engine will reduce its cooling effect, and the diesel engine will overheat due to lack of effective cooling; Too high oil temperature of cooling water and engine oil will also cause overheating of diesel engine. At this time, the main heating loads of cylinder head, cylinder sleeve, piston assembly and valve are large, and their mechanical properties such as strength and toughness are sharply reduced, which increases the deformation of parts, reduces the fit clearance between parts, accelerates the wear of parts, and even causes cracks and stuck parts in serious cases. Too high temperature of cooling water and engine oil will accelerate the aging, deterioration and burning of engine oil, reduce the viscosity of engine oil, deteriorate the lubrication conditions of casing, piston and main friction pairs, and cause abnormal wear. Overheating of the diesel engine will also worsen the combustion process of the diesel engine, resulting in abnormal operation of the fuel injector, poor atomization and increased carbon deposition.

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