在新能源利用领域，沼气发电机组通过转化动物排泄物中的能量，实现了废弃物的资源化利用，既解决了环境污染问题，又提供了清洁电力。这一过程涉及多个环节的协同运作，将看似无用的动物排泄物转化为宝贵的能源，展现了循环经济的独特价值。

　　In the field of new energy utilization, biogas generators convert energy from animal excrement to achieve resource utilization of waste, solving environmental pollution problems and providing clean electricity. This process involves the collaborative operation of multiple links, converting seemingly useless animal excrement into valuable energy, demonstrating the unique value of the circular economy.

　　动物排泄物的收集与预处理是沼气发电机组利用的基础环节。养殖场的猪、牛、鸡等动物产生的粪便，通过专门的收集系统汇聚到储存池。为了提高后续发酵效率，需要对排泄物进行预处理：首先去除其中的粗纤维、砂石等杂质，避免这些物质进入发酵系统后造成管道堵塞或设备磨损；然后将排泄物与适量的水混合，调节物料的固体含量，使其达到适宜发酵的浓度。预处理后的物料质地均匀，能更好地与微生物接触，为沼气的产生创造有利条件。

　　The collection and pretreatment of animal excrement is a fundamental step in the utilization of biogas generators. The feces produced by pigs, cows, chickens and other animals in the breeding farm are collected through a specialized collection system and stored in a storage pool. In order to improve the subsequent fermentation efficiency, it is necessary to pretreat the excrement: first, remove impurities such as coarse fibers and sand, to avoid pipeline blockage or equipment wear caused by these substances entering the fermentation system; Then mix the excrement with an appropriate amount of water, adjust the solid content of the material to reach a concentration suitable for fermentation. The pre treated material has a uniform texture and can better come into contact with microorganisms, creating favorable conditions for the production of biogas.

　　厌氧发酵是将动物排泄物转化为沼气的核心过程。预处理后的物料被送入厌氧发酵罐，罐内存在大量的产甲烷菌等微生物。在密闭、缺氧的环境中，这些微生物通过新陈代谢作用，将排泄物中的有机物（如碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪等）逐步分解。首先，复杂的有机物被分解为简单的有机酸、醇类等中间产物；随后，产甲烷菌进一步将这些中间产物转化为甲烷和二氧化碳的混合气体，即沼气。发酵过程中，需要严格控制温度、pH 值和搅拌频率：中温发酵（30-38℃）或高温发酵（50-55℃）能显著提高微生物活性，pH 值维持在 6.5-7.5 的中性范围可避免微生物受到抑制，而搅拌则能让物料与微生物充分接触，加快反应速度。经过 20-30 天的发酵周期，沼气中的甲烷含量可达到 50%-70%，具备了作为燃料的条件。

　　Anaerobic fermentation is the core process of converting animal excrement into biogas. The pre treated material is sent to an anaerobic fermentation tank, which contains a large number of methane producing bacteria and other microorganisms. In a closed and oxygen deficient environment, these microorganisms gradually break down organic matter (such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc.) in their excreta through metabolic processes. Firstly, complex organic compounds are decomposed into intermediate products such as simple organic acids and alcohols; Subsequently, methane producing bacteria further convert these intermediate products into a mixed gas of methane and carbon dioxide, namely biogas. During the fermentation process, it is necessary to strictly control the temperature, pH value, and stirring frequency: medium temperature fermentation (30-38 ℃) or high temperature fermentation (50-55 ℃) can significantly improve microbial activity, maintaining a neutral pH value in the range of 6.5-7.5 can avoid microbial inhibition, while stirring can allow the material to fully contact microorganisms and accelerate the reaction rate. After a fermentation cycle of 20-30 days, the methane content in biogas can reach 50% -70%, which meets the conditions for use as fuel.

　　沼气的净化与储存为发电机组的稳定运行提供保障。刚从发酵罐排出的沼气中含有硫化氢、水分、粉尘等杂质，这些杂质会腐蚀发电机组的发动机，影响其使用寿命和运行效率。因此，沼气需要经过净化处理：通过脱硫装置去除硫化氢，常用的干法脱硫利用氧化铁等吸附剂吸附硫化氢，湿法脱硫则通过化学溶液吸收硫化氢；脱水装置则采用冷却或吸附的方式去除沼气中的水分，使沼气露点降低到一定温度以下。净化后的沼气被储存到储气柜中，储气柜能根据发电机组的用气需求调节沼气供应量，确保进气压力稳定，避免因气量波动导致发电机组运行不稳定。

　　The purification and storage of biogas provide a guarantee for the stable operation of power generation units. The biogas just discharged from the fermentation tank contains impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, moisture, dust, etc. These impurities can corrode the engine of the generator set, affecting its service life and operating efficiency. Therefore, biogas needs to undergo purification treatment: removing hydrogen sulfide through desulfurization devices, commonly used dry desulfurization uses adsorbents such as iron oxide to adsorb hydrogen sulfide, and wet desulfurization absorbs hydrogen sulfide through chemical solutions; The dehydration device uses cooling or adsorption to remove moisture from biogas, reducing the dew point of biogas to below a certain temperature. The purified biogas is stored in a gas storage tank, which can adjust the biogas supply according to the gas demand of the generator set, ensuring stable intake pressure and avoiding unstable operation of the generator set due to gas volume fluctuations.

　　沼气发电机组将沼气的化学能转化为电能。净化后的沼气经管道输送至发电机组的发动机，在发动机内与空气混合后被点燃，发生燃烧反应，释放出大量热能。热能推动发动机的活塞做往复运动，带动曲轴旋转，将热能转化为机械能。与发动机相连的发电机，通过电磁感应原理，将机械能进一步转化为电能。产生的电能经过稳压、整流等处理后，可直接供给养殖场的照明、供暖等设备使用，多余的电能还能并入电网，实现能源的对外输出。发动机工作过程中产生的余热，还可以通过余热回收装置收集，用于加热发酵罐或养殖场的热水供应，提高能源的综合利用效率。

　　The biogas generator unit converts the chemical energy of biogas into electrical energy. The purified biogas is transported through pipelines to the engine of the generator set, where it is ignited by mixing with air and undergoing combustion reactions, releasing a large amount of heat energy. Thermal energy drives the piston of the engine to perform reciprocating motion, driving the crankshaft to rotate and converting thermal energy into mechanical energy. The generator connected to the engine further converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction. After being stabilized and rectified, the generated electricity can be directly supplied to the lighting, heating and other equipment in the breeding farm. The excess electricity can also be integrated into the power grid to achieve external energy output. The waste heat generated during the operation of the engine can also be collected through a waste heat recovery device and used to heat the hot water supply of fermentation tanks or breeding farms, improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy.

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　　This article is a friendly contribution from a biogas generator set For more information, please click: http://www.huannengpower.cn We will provide detailed answers to your questions. You are welcome to log in to our website and leave a message