生物质发电是利用生物质所具有的生物质能进行的发电，是可再生能源发电的一种，包括农林废弃物直接燃烧发电、农林废弃物气化发电、垃圾焚烧发电、垃圾填埋气发电、沼气发电。世界生物质发电起源于20世纪70年代，当时，世界性的石油危机爆发后，丹麦开始积极开发清洁的可再生能源，大力推行秸秆等生物质发电。自1990年以来，生物质发电在欧美许多国家开始大力发展。
Biomass power generation is a kind of renewable energy power generation using biomass energy, including direct combustion of agricultural and forestry wastes, gasification of agricultural and forestry wastes, waste incineration power generation, landfill gas power generation, and biogas power generation. World biomass power generation originated in the 1970s. At that time, after the outbreak of the world oil crisis, Denmark began to actively develop clean renewable energy and vigorously promote biomass power generation such as straw. Since 1990, biomass power generation has been vigorously developed in many European and American countries.
二、生物质能发电的原理
2、 The principle of biomass power generation
发电原理：与燃煤发电原理相同。物质直接燃烧发电与燃煤火力发电在原理上没有本质区别，主要区别体现在原料上，火力发电的原料是煤，而直接燃烧发电的原料主要是农林废弃物和秸秆。直接燃烧发电是把生物质原料送入适合生物质燃烧的特定蒸汽锅炉中，产生蒸汽，驱动蒸汽机转动从而带动发电机发电。
Power generation principle: the same as that of coal-fired power generation. There is no essential difference between the principle of material direct combustion power generation and coal-fired thermal power generation. The main difference is reflected in the raw material. The raw material of thermal power generation is coal, while the raw material of direct combustion power generation is mainly agricultural and forestry waste and straw. Direct combustion power generation is to send biomass raw materials into a specific steam boiler suitable for biomass combustion, generate steam, drive the steam engine to rotate and drive the generator to generate electricity.
具体流程如下：将秸秆等生物质加工成适于锅炉燃烧的形式(粉状或块状)，送入锅炉内充分燃烧，使储存于生物质燃料中的化学能转变成热能;锅炉内的水烧热后产生饱和蒸汽，饱和蒸汽在过热器内继续加热成过热蒸汽进入汽轮机，驱动汽轮发电机组旋转，将蒸汽的内能转换成机械能，后由发电机将机械能变成电能。
The specific process is as follows: process straw and other biomass into a form suitable for boiler combustion (powder or block), and send it into the boiler for full combustion, so that the chemical energy stored in the biomass fuel can be converted into heat energy; After the water in the boiler is heated, saturated steam will be generated. The saturated steam will continue to be heated into superheated steam in the superheater and enter the steam turbine to drive the steam turbine generator unit to rotate, convert the internal energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and finally turn the mechanical energy into electrical energy by the generator.

生物质发电厂的发电设备和同样规模的燃煤发电设备是非常相似的，目前我国大多数生物质直燃发电厂内所使用的燃烧工具主要包括生物质水冷振动炉排锅炉、生物质循环流化床锅炉以及联合炉排锅炉， 其中运用广泛的是水冷振动炉排锅炉。蒸汽发电机组多采用高温高压抽凝式汽轮机组。
The power generation equipment of biomass power plants and coal-fired power generation equipment of the same scale are very similar. At present, the combustion tools used in most biomass direct-fired power plants in China mainly include biomass water-cooled vibrating grate boilers, biomass circulating fluidized bed boilers and combined grate boilers, of which the water-cooled vibrating grate boilers are the most widely used. High temperature and high pressure condensing steam turbine units are mostly used for steam generator units.
三、生物质能发电的优缺点
3、 Advantages and disadvantages of biomass power generation
生物质能发电的优点：
Advantages of biomass power generation:
①生物质能发电在可再生 能源发电中电能质量好、可靠性高，比小水电、风电和太阳能发 电等间歇性发电要好得多，可以作为小水电、风电、太阳能发电的补充能源，具有很高的经济价值
① Biomass power generation has good power quality and high reliability in renewable energy generation, which is much better than intermittent power generation such as small hydropower, wind power and solar power generation. It can be used as a supplementary energy for small hydropower, wind power and solar power generation, and has high economic value
②生物质能发电厂基本上都 可以建设在县城的工业园区内，因此生物质能发电厂可以直接就 地进行上网供电;③生物质电厂的建设有利于电源合理布局，有利于降低电网的线损，有利于电网的节能降损。
② Basically, biomass power plants can be built in the industrial park of the county, so biomass power plants can directly supply power to the grid locally; ③ The construction of biomass power plant is conducive to the rational distribution of power supply, the reduction of line loss of power grid, and the energy conservation and loss reduction of power grid.
生物质能发电的缺点：
Disadvantages of biomass power generation:
①建设和运营成本相对较高
① Relatively high construction and operation costs
②技术幵发能力和产业体系薄弱。
② The technological development capacity and industrial system are weak.