1、 Delayed operation

通常，发电机励磁系统处于过励磁状态时，既向系统输送有功功率又输送无功功率，功率因数为正，这种运行状态称为迟相运行，也称滞相运行。

Usually, when the generator excitation system is in an overexcited state, it transmits both active and reactive power to the system, with a positive power factor. This operating state is called delayed phase operation, also known as delayed phase operation.

二、进相运行

2、 Leading phase operation

减少发电机励磁电流，使发电机电势减小，功率因数角就变为超前的，发电机负荷电流产生助磁电抠反应，发电机向系统输送有功功率，但吸收无功功率，这种运行状态称为进相运行，

Reduce the excitation current of the generator, reduce the generator potential, and the power factor angle becomes advanced. The load current of the generator generates a magnetic and electric response, and the generator delivers active power to the system but absorbs reactive power. This operating state is called leading phase operation,

三、调相运行

3、 Phase modulation operation

调相运行，是指发电机不发出有功功率，只用来向电网输送感性无功功率的运行状态，从而起到调节系统无功、维持系统电压水平的作用。发电机迟相、进相、调相的区别和联系

Phase modulation operation refers to the operating state of a generator that does not emit active power but only transmits inductive reactive power to the power grid, thereby regulating system reactive power and maintaining system voltage level. Differences and connections between delayed phase, leading phase, and phase modulation of generators

同步发电机的几种并网运行状态

Several grid connected operation states of synchronous generators

1、迟相运行(常态运行)---发电机向电网同时送出有功功率和无功功率(容性}.

1. Delayed phase operation (normal operation) - The generator simultaneously sends active and reactive power to the power grid (capacitive)

2、进相运行(超前运行)----发电机向电网送出有功功率，吸收电网无功功率。

2. Leading phase operation (leading operation) - The generator sends active power to the grid and absorbs reactive power from the grid.

3、，调相运行---发电机吸收电网的有功功率维持同步运转，向电网送出无功功率

3. Phase modulation operation - the generator absorbs active power from the power grid to maintain synchronous operation and sends reactive power to the grid

(容性).

(Compatibility)

4、电动机运行(非正常运行)-发电机同时吸收电网的有功功率和无功功率维持同步运行前三种运行状态都是同步发电机的正常运行状态，第 2、第4种运行状态应避免，

4. Motor operation (abnormal operation) - The generator absorbs both active and reactive power from the power grid to maintain synchronous operation. The first three operating states are the normal operating states of the synchronous generator, and the second and fourth operating states should be avoided,

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