1. The main functions of the hydraulic system of wind turbines are: ① driving the hydraulic mechanism to work, such as driving the action of the blade tip spoiler in a stall type fixed pitch unit. ② Shafting braking: The following diagram shows a typical hydraulic device of a wind turbine. The coarse filter at the self suction port of the oil pump sucks in hydraulic oil, which is then filtered by the fine filter and sent into the working oil circuit. The pressure of the system is determined by the overflow valve.

2、定桨距风力发电机组的液压系统：主要介绍其空气制动机构。空气制动机构是利用空气的阻力使机组风轮停止运行的装置，也称为气动刹车机构，它是由安装在叶尖的气动扰流器通过钢丝绳与叶片根部液压油缸的活塞杆相连接构成的。叶尖扰流器是这类风力发电机组的主要制动器，每次制动时到时它起主要作用。

2. The hydraulic system of a fixed pitch wind turbine generator set: mainly introduces its air braking mechanism. The air brake mechanism is a device that uses the resistance of air to stop the operation of the wind wheel of the unit, also known as the pneumatic brake mechanism. It is composed of a pneumatic spoiler installed at the blade tip connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder at the root of the blade through a steel wire rope. The blade tip spoiler is the main brake of this type of wind turbine, and it plays a major role when braking each time.

3、液压变桨距风力发电机组的液压系统：系统中的控制元件是比例换向阀。

3. The hydraulic system of hydraulic variable pitch wind turbines: The control component in the system is a proportional directional valve.

①比例控制技术：比例控制技术是在开关控制技术和伺服控制技术间的过渡技术，它具有控制原理简单、控制精度高、价格适中等特点，应用较广。比例阀是在普通液压阀基础上用比例电磁铁取代普通电磁铁，控制阀芯的移动，从而实现对液压系统压力、流量、方向的连续调节。采用比例放大器控制比例电磁铁就可实现对比例阀进行连续控制。A、斜坡发生器：是为了控制阀芯运动速度终控制执行元件如液压缸的运行速度及加速度而设置的装置。

① Proportional control technology: Proportional control technology is a transitional technology between switch control technology and servo control technology. It has the characteristics of simple control principle, high control accuracy, and moderate price, and is widely used. Proportional valve is a type of hydraulic valve that replaces ordinary electromagnets with proportional electromagnets to control the movement of the valve core, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of hydraulic system pressure, flow rate, and direction. By using a proportional amplifier to control the proportional electromagnet, continuous control of the control valve can be achieved. A. Slope generator: It is a device set up to control the movement speed of the valve core and ultimately control the operating speed and acceleration of executing components such as hydraulic cylinders.

②液压泵站是由液压泵组、油箱、过滤器等元件组成。液压泵组包括电动机、液压泵、管路等元件。油箱内的油温由装在油箱上部的传感器（PT100）测得。

② The hydraulic pump station is composed of hydraulic pump units, oil tanks, filters, and other components. The hydraulic pump group includes components such as electric motors, hydraulic pumps, and pipelines. The oil temperature inside the tank is measured by a sensor (PT100) installed on the top of the tank.

③变距控制系统的节距控制是通过比例阀来实现的。紧急顺桨的速度由节流阀控制并限制到约9°/s。

③ The pitch control of the variable pitch control system is achieved through a proportional valve. The speed of emergency feathering is controlled by a throttle valve and limited to approximately 9 °/s.

④飞车试验（此项试验通常只在样机开发阶段进行）。飞车试验的目的是为了设定或检验液压系统中的突开阀。飞车试验按如下程序试验：a、将所有过转速保护的设置值均改为正常设置值的2倍，以免这些保护动作。b、将发电机并网转速调至5000r/min。c、调整好突开阀后，启动风力发电机组。当风力发电机组转速达到额定转速的125%时，突开阀将打开并将气动刹车油缸中的压力油释放，从而导致空气动力刹车动作，使风轮转速迅速降低。d、读出大风轮转速值和风速值。e、试验结果正常时，将转速设置改为正常值。

④ Speed test (this test is usually only conducted during the prototype development phase). The purpose of the flying test is to set or verify the sudden opening valve in the hydraulic system. The high-speed test is conducted according to the following procedure: a. Change the setting values of all overspeed protections to twice the normal setting values to prevent these protections from acting first. b. Adjust the grid connected speed of the generator to 5000r/min. c. After adjusting the sudden opening valve, start the wind turbine generator set. When the speed of the wind turbine reaches 125% of the rated speed, the sudden opening valve will open and release the pressure oil in the pneumatic brake cylinder, causing the aerodynamic brake to act, causing the wind turbine speed to rapidly decrease. d. Read the maximum rotor speed and wind speed values. e. When the test results are normal, change the speed setting to the normal value.

⑤变距系统试验。液压变距系统试验主要是测试其变距速率，位置反馈信号与控制电压的关系。

⑤ Variable pitch system test. The hydraulic variable pitch system test mainly tests the relationship between its variable pitch rate, position feedback signal, and control voltage.

⑥液压油:风力发电机液压系统使用的液压油要求具有良好的黏温性能、防腐防锈性能及优异的低温性能，以适应北方寒冷的气候。推荐使用黏度指数高、抗磨性能好、抗腐蚀、抗氧化性能好、空气释放性、分水性能以及低温性能优异的液压油。普通的HM抗磨液压油低温性能、黏度指数等指标不能满足使用要求，应该采用PAO（聚α烯烃）合成油为基础的抗磨液压油。合成液压油提供良好的抗磨保护，高低温性能以及长寿命。

⑥ Hydraulic oil: The hydraulic oil used in the hydraulic system of wind turbines requires good viscosity temperature performance, anti-corrosion and rust prevention performance, and excellent low-temperature performance to adapt to the cold climate in the north. It is recommended to use hydraulic oils with high viscosity index, good wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, air release, water separation performance, and excellent low-temperature performance. The low temperature performance, viscosity index, and other indicators of ordinary HM anti wear hydraulic oil cannot meet the usage requirements, and PAO (polymer based) should be used instead α Olefin) synthetic oil based anti wear hydraulic oil. Synthetic hydraulic oil provides excellent wear resistance protection, high and low temperature performance, and long service life.

4、液压油的污染与控制

4. Pollution and Control of Hydraulic Oil

据统计，由于油液污染引起的故障占总故障的75%以上，可见要保证液压系统工作灵敏、稳定、可靠，就必须控制油液的污染。

According to statistics, faults caused by oil pollution account for over 75% of the total faults, indicating that in order to ensure the sensitivity, stability, and reliability of hydraulic systems, it is necessary to control oil pollution.

①液压油污染原因：潜伏污染；侵入污染；内部生成污染；管理不严。

① Causes of hydraulic oil pollution: latent pollution; Invasive pollution; Internally generated pollution; Lack of strict management.

②液压油被污染的危害。油液污染会使系统工灵敏性、稳定性和可靠性降低，液压元件使用寿命缩短。具体表现有：a、污染物使节流孔口和压力控制阀的阻尼孔堵塞，引起系统压力和速度不稳定，动作不灵敏。b、污染物会导致液压元件磨损加剧，内泄漏增大，使用寿命缩短。c、污染物会加速密封件的损坏，使油缸或活塞杆表面拉伤，引起液压缸内泄露增大；d、污染物会将阀芯卡住，使阀动作失灵，引起故障。e、污染物会将过滤器堵塞，使泵吸油困难，引起空穴现象，导致噪声增大。f、污染物会使油液氧化速度加快，润滑性能下降。

② The hazards of hydraulic oil contamination. Oil pollution can reduce the sensitivity, stability, and reliability of the system, and shorten the service life of hydraulic components. The specific manifestations include: a. pollutants cause blockage of the throttle orifice and the damping hole of the pressure control valve, causing unstable system pressure and speed, and insensitive action. b. Contaminants can cause increased wear and tear of hydraulic components, increased internal leakage, and shortened service life. c. Contaminants can accelerate the damage of sealing components, causing damage to the surface of the oil cylinder or piston rod, leading to increased leakage in the hydraulic cylinder; d. Contaminants can jam the valve core, causing the valve to malfunction and cause malfunction. e. Pollutants can clog the filter, making it difficult for the pump to absorb oil, causing cavitation and increasing noise. f. Pollutants can accelerate the oxidation rate of the oil and decrease its lubrication performance.

③控制液压油污染的措施：a、控制液压油的工作温度；b、合理选择过滤器精度；c、加强现场管理。

③ Measures to control hydraulic oil pollution: a. Control the working temperature of hydraulic oil; b. Reasonable selection of filter accuracy; c. Strengthen on-site management.

⑤加强现场管理是防止液压系统污染的有效措施，主要项目如下：a、建立液压系统保养制度；b、定期检查油液的清洁度和对油液取样化验；c、在检查设备的清洁度时，应同时检查液压系统油液、油箱和过滤器的清洁度，若发现油液污染超标，应及时换油或更换过滤器；d、定期清洗滤芯、油箱和管道及元件内部的污物；e、正确处理油液。

⑤ Strengthening on-site management is an effective measure to prevent hydraulic system pollution. The main projects are as follows: a. Establish a hydraulic system maintenance system; b. Regularly check the cleanliness of the oil and sample the oil for testing; c. When checking the cleanliness of the equipment, the cleanliness of the hydraulic system oil, oil tank, and filter should be checked at the same time. If oil pollution exceeds the standard, the oil or filter should be replaced in a timely manner; d. Regularly clean the filter element, oil tank, pipelines, and dirt inside the components; e. Properly handle the oil.

5、液压系统的检查和维护

5. Inspection and maintenance of hydraulic system

1）液压系统的检查项目：①液压阀、液压缸及管接头处是否有外泄漏。②液压泵运转时是否有异常噪声；③液压缸全行程移动是否正常平稳；④液压系统各测压点压力是否在规定范围内，是否稳定。⑤液压系统中油温是否在允许范围内。⑥换向阀工作是否灵敏可靠。⑦油箱内油量是否在游标刻线范围内。8、定期从油箱内取样化验，检查油液的污染状况。

1) Inspection items for hydraulic system: ① Check for external leaks at hydraulic valves, hydraulic cylinders, and pipe joints. ② Is there any abnormal noise during the operation of the hydraulic pump? ③ Whether the full stroke movement of the hydraulic cylinder is normal and stable; ④ Is the pressure at each pressure measuring point of the hydraulic system within the specified range and stable? ⑤ Is the oil temperature in the hydraulic system within the allowable range? ⑥ Is the directional valve sensitive and reliable in operation? ⑦ Is the amount of oil in the fuel tank within the range of the vernier scale. 8. Regularly take samples from the fuel tank for testing to check the contamination status of the oil.

2）液压系统的维护方法：a、简易故障诊断法；b、原理图分析法；c、液压阀常见故障的分析和排除方法。液压阀是用来控制液压系统的压力、流量和方向的元件。液压阀产生故障的原因通常有：元件选择不当、元件性能不佳、零件加工精度差和装配质量差、弹簧刚度不能满足要求、密封件质量差等；另外还有油液过脏和油温过高等因素。

2) Maintenance methods for hydraulic systems: a. Simple fault diagnosis method; b. Schematic analysis method; c. Analysis and troubleshooting methods for common faults of hydraulic valves. Hydraulic valves are components used to control the pressure, flow rate, and direction of hydraulic systems. The reasons for hydraulic valve failures usually include: improper component selection, poor component performance, poor machining accuracy and assembly quality of parts, insufficient spring stiffness to meet requirements, and poor quality of sealing components; In addition, there are factors such as dirty oil and high oil temperature.

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